November/December 2012 Archives - Woodworking | Blog | Videos | Plans | How To https://www.woodworkersjournal.com/magazine-issue/novemberdecember-2012/ America's Leading Woodworking Authority Mon, 04 Dec 2023 22:46:59 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.0.7 PROJECT: Standing Laptop Desk https://www.woodworkersjournal.com/project-standing-laptop-desk/ Wed, 27 Sep 2017 19:21:38 +0000 http://rocklerwj.wpengine.com/?p=40053 The perfect height to use standing with a laptop computer, the case and legs are a snap to build. The drawer ... well, that's a different story!

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This “stand up” desk is the final piece you make in the Way to Woodwork DVD series. The program is my solution to bringing together two different approaches to learning the craft of furniture making. I’ll call one “the European method.” Here, the student is left in no doubt that he or she is a novice and the teaching focuses on techniques and practicing them. Enough practice and enough technique will, in the end, add up to achieving the skill set needed to make a piece of furniture. The other approach is the “American method.” Here, the neophyte arrives in the shop and explains the desire to build, “this simple 12-drawer chest-on-chest with a serpentine bow front of fiddleback maple.” Both narratives are, of course, allegorical — but you get the point. Each has merit, but how to combine them?

My answer is to begin with a simple piece of work which you will carry out of the shop that embodies an essential technique. The second simple piece introduces a second essential technique, but it includes what was learned in the first piece. The third introduces another technique, but includes what was learned in making one and two…and so it goes on.

The desk, the final piece in the program, is designed to include a drawer. Because making the drawer is the focus, everything else is contrived to get you to that step with as little fuss as possible. The top does have a little flourish in it, but the legs are straight and square in section. The rails are rectangular in section and of two different widths. They are positioned with deliberate attention to the spaces between and are offset so that joining is simplified.

The drawer is made using the classic method of solid wood handmade drawermaking. It represents the furniture maker’s craft at its best. There are over 30 steps involved in its making and assembly. It contains, arguably, more methodological and technical challenges than any other piece of furniture making.

The Top

Gluing up a two toned desktop panel
The three pieces that compose the top are glued together at once. Blocks are used to prevent the clamp heads from crushing the soft mahogany.

The relief strip of curly maple in the top serves two purposes. It brings a wood grain interest into an otherwise purposefully chosen quartersawn, straight grained, undistinguished piece of mahogany. As well, its white color brings a surprising measure of lightness into the composition of the whole. There are alternative ways to plane the butt joints. Probably, the best way is to plane the joint by clamping the pieces together. First, clamp a piece of mahogany on edge in the vise and then clamp the maple to it using small “C” clamps; then shoot the combined edges in the normal way using an 07 plane.

The Desk Frame

Cutting dominoes in desk leg
If the Festool Domino machine wobbles as you make a cut, it can’t be accurate. Clamp the workpiece securely and position yourself so that body strength as well as arm strength hold the machine steady.

The legs and rails of the desk would typically be put together using mortise-and-tenon joints. I used loose tenons, part of the Festool Domino system. A loose tenon is an excellent alternate form of a mortise-and-tenon. Instead of a peg fashioned on one piece (the tenon), which goes into a mating hole (the mortise), a slot is cut into both pieces and a third piece, the loose tenon, is made to fit the combined slots. This joint is outside the reach of normal bench hand tools. What is required to make the slots is a fast-spinning bit machined to side cut in long grain and end grain, leaving smooth parallel faces and ends.

If you read this site regularly, I’m sure you are familiar with the Festool Domino machine. I’ve used it a great deal but never written about it. To put it in a nutshell, the tool is transformational — bringing about a sea change for furniture makers. What Festool has done is make a hand tool that, when you plunge it into the workpiece, it machines a perfect slot for a loose tenon. As well, they make the loose tenons (“Dominos”). They are made in various sizes to mate with cutter diameters, from European beech, a strong, stable wood that glues well. The dimension of the Domino is imprinted into the beech, and the edges are reeded to fit the rounded ends of the slot and allow excess glue to escape.

Using the tool is largely intuitive. Setting the horizontal fence to position the cut and the stop to limit the depth of plunge are straightforward. Marking the joint is best done by squaring a clean, sharp pencil line on the joint center point on both workpieces. The horizontal fence is designed so that you can easily see the center line and position the tool right on it. Whatever you do, clamp the workpiece to the bench. In this way, you can hold the tool firmly in place to feel the contact of the vertical and horizontal fences. This setup provides all the stability needed as you plunge the cutter to make a clean, accurate slot.

The layout of the rails on the leg is well-shown on the Drawings. If you begin by laying out one of the side subassemblies on your workbench — a front and back leg and the three rails — you will quickly see the simplicity of the structure. Go ahead and cut mortises for the rails as shown.

After a proper test fit, glue and clamp each side subassembly together. This sequence makes it easy to then join the two side subassemblies with the remaining rails. If you are using a Domino machine, you will need to adjust the fence to accommodate the difference between thicknesses of the legs and rails.

With that done, glue in place the top ledgers and the drawer guides.

The Drawer

More than once I’ve written and illustrated the “how to” of making a handmade drawer — come to think of it, I even made a video of the process. Many times I’ve taught it in the workshop, but it’s taken me till now to write down the road map of the work.

For those woodworkers who revere hand tools and their use, a handmade drawer is the “pièce de résistance” (the best item) of hand tool furniture making. Very soon it may be your “raison d’être” (reason for existence — purpose or cause) as machines take over every other facet of small-shop furniture making. These French expressions, rather than a string of superlatives, make the point that a handmade drawer is unique in the craft of furniture making.

In use, the auditory and tactile experience of opening and closing the drawer confirms that singularity.

The road map doesn’t tell you how to do the work. It tells you the steps and in what order to make them. Knowing the steps allows you to do some preparation. I’m bound to say that if you decide to make this drawer without practicing some of its parts, the end result is likely to come with a good deal of defensive excuses. A good practice, for instance, would be to join four pieces — a front, sides and back — without fitting those parts to a case and with no intention of making a bottom.

Drawer Details

Drawing of laptop desk drawer

These dimensions make for elegant-looking and refined front and back joints. The hidden detail, the shape described with broken lines, shows the groove. The groove in the front accepts the tongue of the rabbet on the drawer bottom, which is aligned with the lower edge of the back.

Road Map to a Handmade Drawer

Preparation

Front and Back: Plane the ends and bottom edges to a tight fit in the case opening. Leave the top edge of the front 1/32″ proud. Plane the machine marks off the inside faces. Sides: Plane the width to be a push fit in the case. Square the ends and make the same length. Plane the machine marks off the inside faces.

Joints

Front: Mark and cut the single-lap dovetail to join the front and the sides. Groove the front to accept the bottom.

Back: Mark and cut the through dovetail which is positioned as a result of the groove in the front piece.

Finish Insides and Glue Joints:

Wax and polish the inside faces, leaving bare the area where the drawer slips go. Glue and clamp the joints.

Bottom

Drawer Slips: Make and attach slips to drawer sides.

Bottom: Make necessary butt joints and thickness to 1/4″ thick.

First Rabbet: Plane one edge of the bottom straight. Mark and cut the rabbet to fit the drawer slip groove. Tongue goes on the bottom face.

Second Rabbet: Insert first rabbet into the drawer slip and knife the shoulder of the second rabbet. Cut bottom to width and make rabbet. Tongue goes on the bottom face. Slide the bottom in place. Plane the front edge to be parallel to the drawer front.

Third Rabbet: Rabbet the front edge. Tongue goes on the top face.

Back Edge: Plane the back edge to 1/4″ overhang.

Fit the Drawer

Bottom Edges: Plane the drawer slips flush to the bottoms of the sides.

Sides: Plane the sides to meet the end grain of the dovetail joints and fit the drawer to the case. Front: Plane the top edge to fit the case.

Drawer Stop

Make and fit the drawer stop. Plane the drawer face parallel to the edges of the case.

Last Touch

The sides and bottom edges on a handmade drawer are not sanded or polished. They are rubbed lightly with paraffin wax, then buffed as though to wipe off all traces of the wax.

Marking Out and Cutting the Joints

Drawing of a single lap joint for desk

The single-lap joint on the drawer front is marked out by two gauge settings and three gauge lines. The first setting (1/32″ less than the thickness of the side) determines how far the tails stand proud of the pins. The second setting determines the length of the tails and, at the same time, the thickness of the end wall.

Making and Fitting the Parts

Even with only four parts, keeping track of what goes where is impossible without a marking system. This system uses fewer marks than any I’ve seen. The four marks you see on the illustration are all you need to keep order, except to know that the face side marks go inside and down and the quadrant marks meet. Precisely fitted drawers begin by taking the time to fit all four parts to the case opening before you join them. With that said, let’s move on to the first of the steps.

1. Fit the front: Plane one end of the front to fit the case. Check the fit by offering the front at an angle: the goal is an exact reflection of the opening. Crosscut the other end as close as you can and plane it to fit the opening. Go too far and the front will be too short. A prudent approach is to take a shaving off the inside edges, so the wood has a minute taper toward the inside — that is, the face side. Assuming the case has straight sides, the front now fits on three sides. Leave the top edge proud by 1/16″.

Test fitting drawer in laptop desk
Fitting the back is the same as the front but easier, because you can enter the whole piece.

2. Fit the back: Fit the ends of the back in the opening, just like the front. To do this, the bottom edge should sit on the bottom of the case with about a 7/8″ gap at the top. Make sure the face side is looking at you as you fit the back because that’s how it goes in the case.

Test fitting drawer side size in laptop desk
To fit the sides, plane the edge to be a tight push fit. Check that the edges are square as you work.

3. Fit the sides: Square the ends and cut to length. Plane the top edge until the side is a push-fit that enters halfway or better. To check that you are planing parallel, turn the side around and enter the front end first: it should slide with the same push-fit.

Marking cut lines for dovetail joint
Use the tails to mark the pins by positioning their ends up to the lap gauge line.

4. Clean up the inside faces: Plane mill marks from the inside faces before you lay out the dovetails. Mill marks must be removed in preparation for polishing later; the outside faces don’t get polished.

Checking fit of drawer's dovetail joinery
After you’ve completed step 5, trial-fit the joint. Note the drawer side stands proud of the ends of the pins.

Although all steps are critical, this one may not be obviously so. If you plane the inside of the pin pieces — that is, the drawer front and back — after you’ve cut the joints, they become smaller and therefore loose.

Jointing the Parts

Drawing of the four side panels of desk drawer
Once you have chosen the four pieces, and before you prepare them to size, to keep order each piece has one mark, as shown. The quadrant marks meet and go down; the face side marks go inside and down.

A handmade drawer demonstrates the logic of initially making the joints with the end grain of the pins left below the long grain surface of the sides. You make the front and back of the drawer to fit the drawer opening, then you make the sides so they’re proud of the end grain. In short, the drawer is too big for the opening. But once you plane the sides down to the end grain of the front and back — which act as precise signposts — the drawer fits perfectly!

5. Mark out and cut the single-lap dovetail front joints:

Setting 1

Set your cutting gauge less than the thickness of the side by about 1/32″. This is the amount by which the tails will sit proud of the pins. Knife this setting on the face side of the drawer front.

Marking how drawer face sits in laptop desk
This is the second end. Here I’ve tilted the drawer front to better establish the knife line which fits the opening.

Setting 2

Hand sawing dovetail tails in desk drawer
Cutting the tails for a single-lap dovetail is the same as cutting the tails for a through dovetail.

The second gauge setting determines the length of the tails and, at the same time, the thickness of the end wall. Knife down the end grain of the drawer front and knife around the end of the drawer sides. Lay out the tail piece as per the drawing. Cut the tails as if you were making a through dovetail.

Cleaning dovetail pins with a coping saw
After cutting the tail slopes with a dovetail saw, remove the bulk of the waste with a coping saw.

Mark the pins from the tails by clamping the pin piece in the vise so that it protrudes about 1/8″. Position the tail piece to the lap gauge line and align the bottom edges flush. Mark the tails as for a through joint.

Finishing dovetail joint clean-up with file
Your next step is to clean up to the lines by vertical and horizontal paring.

Sawing the pins introduces a new technique. Start the cut on the corner nearest you. Saw across the end grain to establish the correct line, then saw down the vertical line. Avoid wandering in the first line to prevent ragging out the kerf.

Cutting out dovetail pins with a chisel
After cutting with a dovetail saw, lay the front on your bench and begin chopping out the waste across the grain.

Next, chop out the waste with a chisel and mallet. This is one of the rare woodworking procedures best done sitting down. I use a sawhorse. Lay the drawer front on the bench and, using the widest chisel that will fit between the saw kerfs, begin to chop by positioning the chisel about halfway down the joint. The first piece will come flying out. Make two or three more chops towards the knife line, but keep off the line by about 1/16″.

Cleaning waste from dovetail with a chisel
Next, clamp the drawer front in the vise and continue chopping out the waste down the grain.

Next, clamp the drawer front upright in the vise and, slice by slice, cut down vertically with gentle mallet blows. With the bulk of the waste removed, pare to the knife lines by hand.

Using two skew chisels to smooth out end of dovetail joint
The corner waste is removed by first severing the end grain with a pair of purpose-made 1/4″ skew chisels.

You can’t remove the waste from the corners until the end grain fibers have been severed. Do this on each side with a skew chisel — 1/4″ chisels ground and sharpened to the angle of the tail. Now, by judicious paring, you can clean out the corner waste.

Assemble the two parts using a hammer. With a hammer, you can direct the blows and easily tell which, if any, tail is too tight. By comparison, a mallet will damage the surface of the joint. The surface which is sitting above the end grain is what will later be planed off to make the drawer fit.

6. Cut the groove in the front for the drawer bottom: The groove is easiest cut on a table saw using a 1/8″ kerf blade. It goes through a tail socket so it’s not visible on the side of the drawer. Leave 3/8″ below the 1/8″ groove.

7. Locate the back joints: The top edge of the groove is the line of the bottom edge of the back. Set a marking gauge to the top edge of the groove and gauge the back end of the sides to indicate the first pin in laying out the back joint.

8. Mark out and cut the through dovetail back joints: The bottom pin socket on the back is dovetailed on one edge only. This avoids unnecessary fussing with measurements to position the back so that the bottom can slide past it. Take your measurements from the drawing and cut the through dovetail joints.

9. Radius top edge of the back: Use a plane to gently curve the edge of the back. You may wish to finger gauge pencil lines down each side 1/16″ from the edge as a guide and another down the center of the edge — this line comes off last. Getting a symmetrical curve in this manner is a nice exercise in plane craft.

Polishing and Gluing the Parts

For me, “polish” means apply shellac and wax — the traditional Arts and Crafts finish.

10. Polish the inside faces: Be careful not to get any wax on the joints or the lower surfaces where the drawer slip gets glued.

11. Glue up the joints: Using a shaped wooden paddle, wet all the mating surfaces with glue, but do so sparingly to minimize squeeze-out. Assemble the parts, tap the tails down with a hammer, then close each set of tails one by one by nipping with a bar clamp. Clamping blocks are unnecessary because the faces of the sides stand proud of the ends of the pins. If the joints are as tight as they should be, there’s no need to leave the work in clamps.

12. Check for accuracy: Measure the diagonals to check for square. Sight across the sides to check for twist. Correct any inaccuracies by pushing or twisting the four parts.

13. Edge clamp the front joint: Because the two outer lines on the front joint are not trapped like the inner glue lines, the glue tends to push the joint open at these interfaces. Close the joint tight with pressure from a small clamp.

Drawer Slip and Bottom Assembly

Drawing of drawer dovetail joint and bottom panel groove
A short tenon on the front of the slip fits into the groove on the drawer front. The shoulder of the slip should fit tight to the drawer front.

This inside corner view shows the relationship of the groove in the drawer front and the tenon on the drawer slip. Drawer slips are cut from the same quarter sawn material as the drawer sides. Cut the groove on a table saw.

Drawing of how bottom panel sits in drawer
Detail showing how tongues on drawer bottom fit into grooves on the drawer front and sides. Slip is pulled back.

The drawer bottom has tongues on three sides, cut with a shoulder plane. The tongue on the front is on the top face of the drawer bottom. The tongues on the sides are on the bottom face of the drawer bottom.

Drawing of three potential styles of drawer bottom fit
Drawer slip variations, left to right: flush, rounded over and coved.

The flush slip with its long shoulder lines presents the most demanding work, although it has the simplest look when finished.

Clamping drawer slip to carcass
The proper position of the drawer slip is tight to the side, engaged in the drawer front’s groove and snug to the bottom edge of the back.

A less demanding alternative is to make slips that stand proud of the bottom, thus eliminating the visible shoulder line.

Making and Gluing the Drawer Slip

Drawer slips add an elegantly functional detail to a handmade drawer. Other designs exist, but only this one leaves a square corner.

14. Make the drawer slips: Cut the slips from the same quartersawn material as the drawer sides. Saw the groove in each slip on the table saw before sawing the slip to width — about 1/16″ wider than need be. Make an extra piece to check the fit of the tongues which you will make on the drawer bottom.

15. Clean up the slips: Plane off the mill marks on the grooved face and the top edge that will be visible from inside the finished drawer.

16. Make the front joint: The slip is held in the groove in the drawer front by a tongue, which amounts to a bare-faced mortise and tenon. Mark the shoulder with knife and try square, cut it with a dovetail saw, and clean up with a chisel.

17. Polish the slip: Shellac and wax the top edge of the slip.

18. Glue the slips into place: Light spring clamps hold the drawer slips firmly to the sides. Check that the shoulder of the tongue is tight to the drawer front, and clamp the top edge of the slip tight to the bottom edge of the drawer back.

Make and Fit the Drawer Bottom

Marking drawer bottom shoulder with knife
To create the second tongue on the drawer bottom, establish the shoulder with a knife line.

The long grain of the solid wood bottom runs from side to side. This allows for shrinkage and expansion front to back. If the grain were made to run front to back, expansion of the bottom would either jam the drawer shut tight or bust the case open. The bottom has tongues on three sides to fit the grooves in the slips and the drawer front. The tongue on the front is on thetop face of the drawer bottom. The tongues on the sides are on the bottom face of the drawer bottom.

Test fitting drawer bottom in slip
Cut all tongues with a shoulder plane.

19. Prepare the bottom: Glue up boards to make the bottom; plane to 1/4″thick.

20. Size the bottom: Plane the end grain of one edge straight.

21. Make the first tongue: Mark the tongue with a cutting gauge and cut it with a shoulder plane. Check it for a sliding fit using the spare slip.

22. Mark the second tongue: Fit the shoulder of the first tongue tight to the bottom of its drawer slip and knife the shoulder line of the second tongue, using the drawer slip as a guide.

23. Cut to length: Leave 3/16″ for the tongue beyond the shoulder line you just knifed and saw off the excess material.

24. Make the second tongue: Cut the tongue with a shoulder plane and check it for a sliding fit with the spare slip.

25. Flush the slip and the bottom: Using the spare drawer slip as a guide, plane any excess from the top face of the drawer bottom to make the two parts flush.

26. Insert the bottom and square the front edge: Slide the bottom into place. If it doesn’t fit square to the front, remove and adjust accordingly. The bottom should slide in and out with little effort so it can shrink and expand easily.

27. Make the front tongue: The tongue on the front is on top of the drawer bottom. This means that if there is a little shrinkage in the drawer, any gap will be out of sight on the bottom.

28. Cut to length at the back: Leave the back projecting 1/4″ or less.

Shooting the Drawer

Smoothing out drawer panels with hand plane
Hang the drawer side on a board that is clamped securely to the bench top. The front of the drawer is held tightly in the vise.

In woodworking parlance, shoot means to “make straight,” hence the expressions “shoot the edge” and “shoot the drawer.” This also explains why an 07 is known as a “shooting plane.”

29. Plane off excess drawer slip: The drawer slips were made wider than needed so they project below the sides after being glued in place. Now is the time to plane them flush with the bottom edges of the drawer sides. Check that they are aligned with a straightedge across the width of the drawer.

30. Shoot the drawer: To plane, place the drawer side supported on a plywood board that sits atop the bench. The board is about as wide as the drawer is long, and it is long enough to be clamped to the bench. The front of the drawer is clamped in the vise. When you’ve planed both sides down to the end grain of the pins, the entire drawer should enter the case, though the fit may be very tight. Ease the fit a shaving at a time. Working the drawer in and out will burnish any high spots, identifying exactly where a bit must be removed.

Finishing the Front

Finished laptop desk close-up
A drawer made in this fashion is the epitome of the furniture maker’s craft. Master its construction, and there will be little beyond your skill level.

The three remaining steps will take you to the end of the drawer making process and to a new level of woodworking.

31. Planing the top edge of the drawer to fit the case opening: If, when you made the single-lap joints at the front corners, you didn’t align the bottom edges spot-on, you can make them flush now and still have some drawer front material to plane to fit.

Either way, you now finally fit the front to the opening.

32. Make and glue the stop in place: The drawer stop brings the drawer to rest where you want it — it can be flush, inset or proud; it’s your choice. The stop is a small piece of material, sized about 3/16″ thick.

33. A minor adjustment: Once the drawer stop positions the front correctly, plane the face to be aligned with the case edges.

Click Here to Download the Materials List and Drawings.

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Easy-To-Make Holiday Ornament https://www.woodworkersjournal.com/easy-make-holiday-ornament/ Fri, 09 Dec 2016 16:00:15 +0000 http://rocklerwj.wpengine.com/?p=34762 Sandor Nagyszalanczy gives an overview on how to turn one "yule log" into several fun ornaments for your friends and family.

The post Easy-To-Make Holiday Ornament appeared first on Woodworking | Blog | Videos | Plans | How To.

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I wrack my brains every November to come up with an idea for a holiday gift to make and send to family and friends. My criteria for a great gift idea are: 1. The item must be unique and reasonably impressive. 2. It should be relatively easy and time-efficient to reproduce in a small quantity (I usually make a couple of dozen or so). 3. It should be small enough and durable enough to be sent through the mail. I also strive to make these gifts from cutoffs and scraps rather than new stock, thereby helping to reduce my scrap pile at the same time I’m creating my little bit of holiday cheer.

A few years ago, I came up with a gift idea for a wooden tree ornament in the shape of a ukulele (consider it a small guitar, if it better suits your musical tastes). Instead of making each little uke individually (which would violate gift criteria #2), I make these decorative ornaments using what’s commonly referred to as the “log” method of construction. I create a single thick piece that’s shaped and appointed to resemble a uke, then slice it up into multiple thin ornaments. A single log made from scrap 8/4 stock yields eight to nine individual ornaments.

If you’re not instrument oriented, you can use this method to produce thin multiples in any other shape you choose — snowflakes, Christmas trees, menorahs, etc. So put on your elf hat, head for the shop, and start making some seasonal sawdust.

Cutting Parts for the Log

The ukulele ornament, shown in the pattern Drawing, is made from three separate pieces: a body, a neck and a headstock. A simple dado joint connects the neck and body, and the headstock is glued to the end of the neck. A ring of a light-colored wood adds a decorative touch to the ukulele’s sound hole.

The first step in making the ornament is to cut a piece of 8/4 (or thicker) stock 2-3⁄4″ long and 2″ wide for the uke’s body. I used mahogany, which is one wood ukuleles are traditionally made from. Depending on how many ornaments you wish to make, cut as many of these body pieces — as well as all the other parts of the ornament — as required. If you use a cutoff from the end of a plank, make sure there are no major cracks running through the piece.

A 1/2"-wide dado blade cuts a groove in the uke ornament’s body blank for the neck. Clamping a rail to the table saw top helps keep the small workpiece aligned during cutting.
A 1/2″-wide dado blade cuts a groove in the uke ornament’s body blank for the neck. Clamping a rail to the table saw top helps keep the small workpiece aligned during cutting.

Now cut the dado that joins the uke body and neck on the table saw. Fit the saw with a dado stack set up for a 1/2″-wide cut, and adjust the stack’s cutting height to 7/16″. Set the saw fence 3/4″ from the close side of the dado blade, to produce a cut that’s centered on the body’s narrow end. For better safety, clamp a straight-edged stick to the saw table, to guide the lefthand side of the body and keep the piece from coming away from the rip fence. Use a push block and stick to slide the piece through the cut.

Next, mark the body blank for the uke’s sound hole, as shown on the pattern. Make sure that your mark is centered with respect to the dado cut. Fit your drill press with an 1/8″-dia. bit, to create a pilot hole. With a piece of scrap plywood atop the drill press table, center the bit on the sound hole mark, then clamp the body down and drill a hole all the way through. Without unclamping the body, chuck up a 5/8″-dia. brad-point or Forstner bit and bore the hole to full size.

To give the uke ornament a little more flair, cut the neck from a different (preferably darker) wood than the body. I cut mine from a claro walnut scrap which had a nice, deep brownish-red. Cut the neck piece 2-1⁄8″ long, 1/2″ wide, and as thick as the body blank. For a nice matching look, make the 1-3⁄16″-long by 3/4″-wide headstock from the same wood as the uke body.

Making the Sound Hole Ring

A 5/8"-dia. dowel, which will become the uke ornament’s sound hole ring, is pressed into a hole bored partway through two pieces of MDF or plywood clamped atop the drill press table.
A 5/8″-dia. dowel, which will become the uke ornament’s sound hole ring, is pressed into a hole bored partway through two pieces of MDF or plywood clamped atop the drill press table.

To make the ring around the uke’s sound hole, take a piece of 5/8″-dia. dowel rod (birch or maple), and cut a piece that’s just a hair longer than the thickness of your log. At the drill press, stack and clamp two squares of scrap 3/4″ MDF or plywood atop the table. With the table position fixed, bore a 5/8″-dia. hole about 3/4 of the way through the ply stack and press the dowel into this hole. If it’s too loose, cover part or all of the outside of the dowel with tape.

After drilling a 3/16" pilot hole concentrically through the dowel, a 15/32" bit is used to enlarge the hole to full size. Feeding the bit slowly and only drilling a little at a time keeps the dowel from spinning.
After drilling a 3/16″ pilot hole concentrically through the dowel, a 15/32″ bit is used to enlarge the hole to full size. Feeding the bit slowly and only drilling a little at a time keeps the dowel from spinning.

Chuck up a 3/16″-dia. bit and bore a pilot hole concentrically through the dowel. Replace this bit with a 15/32″-dia. pilot point or brad point bit and enlarge the hole. To prevent the dowel from spinning, drill only a little at a time, and withdraw the bit between each advance. Unclamp the plywood squares and carefully pull out the hollowed dowel. If the dowel is stuck, pry off the top ply square, as this makes dowel removal much easier.

Gluing Up the Log

Use a small brush to apply glue to the outside of the hollowed sound hole ring dowel and the hole bored into the uke body before pressing the dowel into place. If the fit is tight, gently pound it in.
Use a small brush to apply glue to the outside of the hollowed sound hole ring dowel and the hole bored into the uke body before pressing the dowel into place. If the fit is tight, gently pound it in.

For both safety and convenience, all the ornament’s parts are glued up before they’re cut to shape. First, apply a thin layer of yellow glue to both the inside of the sound hole in the body and the outside of the hollow dowel sound hole ring. Quickly press or lightly pound the dowel all the way into the body so that it’s flush with the bottom of the blank. Next, brush some glue into the body dado, and pound or press the neck in place. Use a C-clamp to fully seat the neck in the joint. Set this assembly aside a while, at least until the glue sets (an hour or so).

A small bar clamp presses the uke ornament’s neck into the body until it’s fully seated.
A small bar clamp presses the uke ornament’s neck into the body until it’s fully seated.

Because the joint between the end of the neck and the headstock is end-grain to end-grain, a two-part clear epoxy glue creates a stronger, more durable connection than regular white or yellow glues. Avoid using “5-minute” type epoxies, as these aren’t as strong and don’t adhere as well as epoxies that take 24 hours to dry.

A well-mixed application of two-part epoxy glue is used to adhere the uke's headstock to the end of the neck.
A well-mixed application of two-part epoxy glue is used to adhere the uke’s headstock to the end of the neck.

Squeeze equal amounts of resin and hardener onto a piece of scrap cardstock and mix them very thoroughly (for 30 seconds or more) before applying a coat to the end of the uke’s neck. Set the headstock in place, then clamp the parts together and leave them to dry overnight.

Shaping the Uke

Once the uke ornament log is glued up and the top and bottom faces are sanded flat, a paper pattern of the uke’s outside profile is drawn on, in preparation for cutting the log to shape.
Once the uke ornament log is glued up and the top and bottom faces are sanded flat, a paper pattern of the uke’s outside profile is drawn on, in preparation for cutting the log to shape.

Transfer the body outline pattern shown to the top of the glued-up log, making sure that the pattern is centered. Saw the bodies out using a band saw fitted with a 3/16″- or 1/8″-wide blade. Before making the actual cuts, it’s a good idea to make sure that the band saw’s blade is precisely perpendicular to the table. Cut just outside of the marked lines.

A narrow blade in the band saw is used to cut the uke log to final shape.
A narrow blade in the band saw is used to cut the uke log to final shape.

If you’re lucky enough to have a stationary disc or belt sander and an oscillating spindle or drum sander at your disposal, these machines make quick work of sanding the outer edge of the uke log smooth. Use the disc or belt sander on the convex body curves, and the oscillating spindle or drum sander to smooth the convex surfaces of the body and headstock (a 3/4″-dia. spindle/drum is just right for these curves).

An oscillating spindle sander is the ideal tool for quickly removing saw marks and smoothing the log’s concave edges.
An oscillating spindle sander is the ideal tool for quickly removing saw marks and smoothing the log’s concave edges.

If you don’t have access to power sanders, you can also clean up the cut edges of the uke log with a sandpaper stick and elbow grease. To make a sanding stick, press a piece of sticky-backed sandpaper onto the face of a thin scrap of wood. You can also use adhesive transfer tape or regular yellow glue to adhere regular sandpaper to the stick.

Sticky-backed PSA sandpaper stuck to a short piece of wood makes a sanding stick that’s very effective for smoothing the sides of the uke’s neck, as well as convex surfaces on the body.
Sticky-backed PSA sandpaper stuck to a short piece of wood makes a sanding stick that’s very effective for smoothing the sides of the uke’s neck, as well as convex surfaces on the body.

It’s best to make two sanding sticks — a coarse one with 80- or 100-grit paper, and a fine one with 120- or 150-grit paper. A sanding stick is ideal to use for cleaning up the sides of the uke’s neck and the top of the body next to the neck. Stick some sandpaper to a dowel to smooth the log’s concave edges. It’s OK to sand across the wood’s grain and leave some visible scratches on the log; the ornaments that will be cut off are thin, and scratches won’t show very much.

Slicing up the Log

Individual 1/8"-thick ornaments are sliced off the log using a 3/8"- or 1/2"-wide blade in the band saw. The band saw's fence guides the cut while a pair of push blocks keep fingers safe.
Individual 1/8″-thick ornaments are sliced off the log using a 3/8″- or 1/2″-wide blade in the band saw. The band saw’s fence guides the cut while a pair of push blocks keep fingers safe.

To slice your uke log into individual ornaments, set up your band saw with a 3/8″- or 1/2″-wide blade and position the fence for a rip cut that’s just a skosh more than 1/8″ thick. Now set the face of the uke log against the fence and slice off the first ornament. For safety’s sake, use two scrap wood blocks: one to keep the log pressed firmly against the fence, the other to push the log and ornament slice past the blade. Now flip the log over, and take a slice off the other face. Use a stationary disc or belt sander to remove the saw marks and flatten both faces of the log and square them up relative to the log’s edges. Then go back to the band saw and cut two more ornaments from the log. Repeat this process until the log has been completely sliced up.

Final Sanding and Finishing

A jig made from scrap wood and a 1/2"-dia. dowel allows you to safely belt sand the thin ornaments.
A jig made from scrap wood and a 1/2″-dia. dowel allows you to safely belt sand the thin ornaments.

Once all the ornaments have been cut, clean the saw marks off the faces using a stationary belt sander. Even though I have a large, 6 x 48 stationary belt machine, I prefer to use my small shop-made belt sander fixture for this process. The key to success here is to make a jig that allows you to hold each thin uke slice without abrading your fingertips. This jig is simply a thick scrap block that’s slightly longer and thicker than the ornament, with a square edge into which is set a short 1/2″ dowel. The dowel fits into the uke’s sound hole to keep the ornament in place and prevent the belt from hurling it during sanding. You can also use the jig block to keep each ornament secure during finish sanding using a 1/4-sheet orbital sander or a hand-sanding block.

To use the jig, set the uke’s sound hole onto the dowel.
To use the jig, set the uke’s sound hole onto the dowel.

Once all the ornaments are sanded, you’re ready to apply a finish. Before you do, consider adding more graphics to each little uke. You could draw on details, such as the uke’s bridge, strings and tuning pegs, using a fine-point felt-tip marker pen. Or, you may wish to personalize each ornament with the name of the recipient, or a Christmas wish, signature and date. You can finish the ukes any way you like, using a wipe-on oil or polyurethane, or apply a spray finish. If you decide on this latter option, spread the ornaments out atop a piece of chicken wire or hardware cloth. This prevents the force of the spray from blowing them away.

Finally, make a tree hanger for each uke by tying a short length of thread, fishing line or thin ribbon around the neck. If you plan to mail these ornaments, it’s best to sandwich each one between two pieces of stiff cardboard that are taped together. Place the sandwich in a padded envelope, and write “fragile, do not bend” on the outside. And don’t forget to mark each recipient off your holiday list before putting up your feet and having a refreshing glass of eggnog.

Click Here to Download the Full-size Drawing for This Project.

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Woodworker’s Journal – November/December 2012 https://www.woodworkersjournal.com/woodworkers-journal-novemberdecember-2012/ Thu, 01 Nov 2012 16:44:30 +0000 http://rocklerwj.wpengine.com/?p=23064 Projects Include: Longworth Chuck, Japanese Kendama Game, Christmas Tree Ornament, Standing Laptop Desk, Artist’s Pencil Box Techniques: Cope-and-Stick Joinery, Preparing a Surface for Finish Reviews: Benchtop...

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Projects Include: Longworth Chuck, Japanese Kendama Game, Christmas Tree Ornament, Standing Laptop Desk, Artist’s Pencil Box

Techniques: Cope-and-Stick Joinery, Preparing a Surface for Finish

Reviews: Benchtop Band Saws

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November/December 2012 Issue Preview https://www.woodworkersjournal.com/novemberdecember-2012-issue-preview/ Wed, 31 Oct 2012 21:32:16 +0000 http://rocklerwj.wpengine.com/woodworking_blog/?p=4616 As we head into this holiday season, the new December 2012 print issue offers four unique projects tailored for filling your gift list or for trimming the tree, along with much more.

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As we head into this holiday season, the new December 2012 print issue of Woodworker’s Journal offers four unique projects tailored for filling your gift list or for trimming the tree, along with much more.

Here’s a sneak peek at what you’ll find in the issue.

Then, swing over to our online store to buy your own copy of the November/December 2012 issue!

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Bowl Turning (Longworth) Chuck Routing Pattern and CNC Files https://www.woodworkersjournal.com/bowl-turning-longworth-chuck-routing-pattern-cnc-files/ Thu, 25 Oct 2012 14:17:25 +0000 http://wwj-dev.windmilldesignworks.net/?p=2708 Longworth Chucks are quite handy for woodturners - they make cleaning up and sanding the bottom of your bowls very easy.

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Longworth Chucks are quite handy for woodturners – they make cleaning up and sanding the bottom of your bowls very easy.

The trickiest part of this jig is cutting the arcs. If you were a geometry whiz, you could lay out the arc pattern yourself, but we’ve helped you bypass all of that math by offering a paper pattern that can easily be glued to your stock. Download the 12-inch diameter Longworth Chuck Routing Pattern here or the 16-inch diameter Pattern here.

If you’ve got a CNC setup available to you, we’ve provided files for 10″, 12″, 14″, 16″ and 20″ chucks. You’ll want to do some testing to make sure the settings are consistent with your individual setup, especially for the diameter of faceplate that you’re using.

All sizes use a 1/4″ straight bit and the origin is at the center of the workpiece.  Make sure you use a die-board under your workpiece.

The 10-inch diameter CNC files utilize 11-1/2″ x 11-1/2″ x 3/4″ workpieces.

The 12-inch diameter CNC files utilize 13″ x 13″ x 3/4″ workpieces.

The 14-inch diameter CNC files utilize 15-1/2″ x 15-1/2″ x 3/4″ workpieces.

The 16-inch diameter CNC files utilize 17-1/2″ x 17-1/2″ x 3/4″ workpieces.

The 20-inch diameter CNC files utilize 21-1/2″ x 21-1/2″ x 3/4″ workpieces.

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